May 27 – a breaking heart – Auschwitz

A normal, average, run of the mill pleasant spring day. An abnormal abhorrent place. In all the books I’ve read, all the movies I’ve seen, all the classes I’ve taught about the blight in human history called Shoah, nothing could have ever prepared me for the enormity of Birkenau. For the horror I felt passing under those infamous gates. I have nothing to say that hasn’t been said, no more tears to add to those already shed. The only thoughts I can think are those already expressed – primarily Santayana’s Those who do not learn history are doomed to repeat it” and those of Pastor Martin Niemöller

First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out—because I was not a socialist.

Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak out— because I was not a trade unionist.

Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out—because I was not a Jew.

Then they came for me—and there was no one left to speak for me.

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Wieliczka Salt Mine – May 26

Today, like yesterday started out clear and remained so for the entire day!  Two days without rain. Limited sunshine, but no rain. After so many consecutive rainy days, I had about begun to doubt that we would see sun again. I’m so glad to have had those fears dispelled.  Today we headed off to the Wieliczka Salt Mine which is about 20 minutes outside of Kraków. I must admit that despite references in history books we read in school, to salt mines, I had never really thought of salt in mines.  When I was teaching middle school in Orlando, I taught about trade in North Africa and caravans coming to purchase the salt which was found on the surface – it was literally worth its weight in gold.  When we were on  Île de Ré, an island off the west coast of France, we saw the salt marshes and the salt being harvested.

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This was a whole different ballgame. The parking lot led to a beautiful park which included a hotel and spa in addition to the mines. The mines go 135 meters deep and it takes 700 steps down ever-winding staircases to get to the bottom (at least I think it’s the bottom). DSC06302

Each level had a plaque with information about when the area was excavated.  The walls are all wood logs carefully fitted together. Apparently the mining operation generates a lot of methane and explosions of course were deadly – there was no way out of the mine. the passageways were very narrow. Salt was brought to the surface for centuries by a rope and pulley system operated by people – there was no room for a long time for horses or even mechanical devices. Later on both were used.  The wooden walls in many places were painted white – the mine was very dark and whatever light the miners had with them only illuminated a small area – the white walls helped extend the visibility.  The salt air dried and preserved the wood so there was neither mildew nor rot.DSC06341

The shiny walls are salt. In some places, everything was salt – walls, floor, ceiling, sculptures and even chandeliers in more modern areas which are used for receptions and weddings!

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All that walking was exhausting and we headed back to Krakow for a gelato lunch at Papa Gelato – conveniently right next door to the Hotel Europolskie where we have been staying.

Marek and I headed out shortly after to walk down to Kazimierz, the old Jewish quarter, to pick out a restaurant for dinner. I had something particular in mind, given what we plan to do tomorrow, Monday – go to Auschwitz and Birkenau.  I wanted to have dinner where klezmer music was being played and Jews of the area once lived in large numbers. Where, as is the case in so many places, we had a vibrant community, contributing to the economics, culture and very existence of the larger places in which our communities were located.

Although neither Marek nor I remembered the restaurant we ate at last summer with Lindsay, Lina, Ola and Gabriel the night we arrived in Kraków, and the street, Szeroka, has one restaurant after another, glancing at the menus soon pinpointed Max 14. I remembered that one of our group (it might have even been me) ordered tagliatelle with smoked salmon.  A moment of glancing around, and we realized it was the place, we checked and a klezmer group would be playing beginning at 5:40 PM.  The restaurant is in the building in which Helena Rubinstein lived, and right next door to a Judaic Bookstore.

By the time we returned to the hotel, hot and sweaty, after walking about 16,000 steps, we were ready to change and head out to dinner. Thankfully the weather had cooled down a bit, and the outdoor seating at Max 14 hit the spot.  So did the perfect perogie ruski that I ordered, dessert and drinks.  Marek even found his favorite beer on the menu – Warka strong.

Tomorrow of course is another day. After years of writing curricula teaching the Shoah, watching hundreds of movies reading many more books than that on the topic, working with teens and adults, I don’t know if I am ready to be in the place. I feel obligated to stand there. I know many of you have been to a lot of the camps. I never have.  I’ve walked the streets of Ukraine where blood ran like rain in the wake of the horrors perpetuated by the einsatzgruppen, read accounts of survivors, spoken with survivors and done research in the records from the International Tracing Service, Yad Vashem and the US Holocaust Memorial Museum.  The very thought of the words Auschwitz and Birkenau fill me with horror.

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Return to Krakow – May 24 & 25

Friday was a restful day, well probably not for Marek who was driving and trying to listen to the very strange directions from the GPS – somehow most right turns were “bear right.” Unfortunately “bear right” also meant just that – it was so difficult to tell when there was a turn to be made. Not as bad as the day in Iassi last summer when she had us driving round and round in circles in a parking lot that definitely was not made for the Euro-Van.

We started the day in the archives in Rzeszow looking to acquire cadastral maps. Although we got the ones of most immediate concern we will return there next week and get the rest of the ones we need. These maps are extremely important – they are from 1851 and 1854 and have either lot numbers (for taxes) or house numbers. Records often include the house numbers for births, marriages and deaths, and with these maps, we can pinpoint a house and even see if it is still standing!  We found one in Vilkeya, Lithuania last summer, and one just last week in Widaczów that we identified on the map.

Last Sunday, when we were at the morning mass, children were receiving their first communion and from those on the streets now, it looks like many are preparing for the same celebration.IMG_20190525_105832

 

Up until now, on this trip, we’ve been researching Greek Catholic and Roman Catholic families, and although they lived in places with large Jewish populations, I’ve been able to have more emotional distance than I can maintain when I am researching Jewish families. After all, the Jewish population here,  in towns where Jews sometimes comprised more than 50% of the population, is now close to zero. Krakow is the exception. Tomorrow, Sunday, I hope to be back in Kazimierz at some point, perhaps listening to klezmer music, helping to bridge the gap between a city whose streets I can walk on freely, and Auschwitz where we will be on Monday. Somehow, I have avoided going to any of the camps. Walking on the blood spattered streets of Ukraine was enough for me. On Monday I will confront the remnants of the horrors of all of humanity’s nightmares. The only consolation is that I will be able to stand there – living proof that the deranged actions in the twentieth century didn’t succeed.

Sunday we will be visiting a famous Polish site – the Wieliczka Salt Mine. It’s less than a half hour drive from Krakow.

Walking the streets of Krakow is very interesting. It’s where the past and present meet, sometimes smoothly and sometimes abruptly. The streets and buildings are ancient and of course, most of the people are just going about their usual daily business of working or playing. But these streets were probably very crowded with pilgrims, merchants and the people who lived in the city. Even though the people in the streets are modern, with very little imagination, I can picture the streets and the people as they might have been.

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Retracing our footsteps – Jawornik Polski and Rzeszow: May 23

I keep mentioning the rain – somehow we haven’t been able to get ahead of it and the news on TV is filled with reports of flooding. We’ve been fortunate to only get caught in downpours, not stuck in flooding.  Today was a really packed day. We covered a lot of ground.  It started in Przemyśl in the morning – Marek went to finish up getting information at the archive that he didn’t get yesterday. The archives are not open to researchers for all the hours they are open, and there’s so much to get.  When in archives we try to get everything possible that mentions a name we are researching and then go through, translate and analyze when we are back home. When possible, we get all the images from a book of records to guarantee that a record we find we need after analyzing the records we’ve already identified won’t be overlooked.

As we entered a town, a green sign with the name of the town would announce our arrival and a similar sign with a red line through the town’s name announced our departure. We drove through so many towns on our way to our goal.

You can see from these photos what the weather was. I don’t want to belabor it. The day was so packed – visiting cemeteries, taking hundreds of photos of graves, visiting church repositories, my head was simply spinning.  If you’ve never been to a parish office to view records, you would be shocked at the condition of the books.

The priests were wonderful and really good sports.  It’s often very difficult (impossible might be a better word) to get in touch with a priest by phone, email or snail mail to make  an appointment in advance, so we knocked on doors of parish offices and clearly disturbed the overworked and understaffed priests at rest. Not one of the many we spoke to refused to take some time to hear what we wanted, and either look through their own records or let us know where the records might be.

 

All in all, a very successful day.  We were also really glad for all the duplication of tech “stuff” we carry with us.  Marek’s camera died in the rain at the cemetery.  Cell phones and tablets helped to overcome what could have been a disaster. We ended the day at what is quickly becoming one of my favorite hotels – the Bristo

l in Rzeszow.

 

 

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And then there is Przemyśl – May 21-22

Last year on a very rainy day we stopped for a few hours in Przemyśl – this was during that madcap 22 day research trip. By the time we got to Przemyśl we were all exhausted and hungry and we just wanted to eat and get to our next hotel (I don’t remember where that next stop was). I was captivated by this city with all the churches, and eagerly awaited an opportunity to return.  We were in Jawornik Polski and were told in the office of the civil archives that the records we wanted would be in Przemyśl so Marek, our client and I took off for Przemyśl.

Of course, the weather was still rainy.  It has rained every day since we got here. The grass is green, the flowers beautiful, and there is nothing to beat slipping and sliding on cobblestones or cemeteries. I’m really ready for some sun.

Przemyśl really is a beautiful city. Our hotel however, felt like it was in old Ukraine, not Poland. Not at all pleasant. On the positive side, it was clean and the internet worked. The food was definitely on the bad side of acceptable and even the coffee at breakfast was bad. It’s difficult to describe why I felt like it was Ukraine, except that the only other times I’ve stayed in places like this was last year in Kovel, and previously in Zhitomir.  The three places were interchangeable.

We headed off yesterday morning for the cathedral where their archives should hold the records for which we are searching.DSC05726

The priest and nun that we met with were very nice and helpful and even tried to communicate in English as much as possible.  Marek of course carried the conversation since he was the only one among us who spoke Polish.  We were not allowed near the record books but a researcher in the reading room did the searches and provided images of the records – not the whole page just the section of the page he was allowed to give us. We appreciated all the help, it’s just sort of difficult to comprehend the harm in sharing copies of records that are well over 100 years old – in some cases close to 150 years old.

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That was yesterday, an uneventful day except for the research in the archives which was very exciting. Today, Marek went off to another archive to do research while J and I toured various parts of the city – Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic churches, catacombs, a thousand year old castle and more. We managed to be inside whenever it rained, which was a welcome change.

My experience with churches could be labeled as minimal and that would probably give me too much credit, so this was fascinating.  The castle was truly wonderful – not the largest castle, nor the most ornate, but wonderful.

The castle is at the highest point of the city so the views were spectacular.

After a pretty discouraging dinner last night at the hotel, we went back to town for dinner at the amazing Cuda Wianka. I had what was called a “Bowl” – it was felafel, hummus, salad, sweet potatoes. We decided on ice cream for dessert and went in search of it. The ice cream shops were closed but the coffee shops were still open and we found one with gorgeous cakes AND ice cream. I settled on a piece of szarlotka – a wonderful pastry wit thin sliced apples, and refusing to forego ice cream, topped it with chocolate. Yum.DSC05809DSC05810

Tomorrow, back to Jawornik Polski and the surrounding area – on schedule visiting the civil records office to clarify a date, Greek Catholic parish offices, Roman Catholic cemetery behind the civil records office and more.

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Jawornik Polski – travels in the Polish countryside May 20

We started on our travels from Krakow in the sun.  Thankfully it wasn’t too hot in the car although I did quickly learn to regulate the a/c and fan. The navigation system confounded us so we used our own GPS on the phone.  If you’re like me, and pour over maps, read about the history of Eastern Europe and look at people’s surnames and the places their families came from, you’ll understand the thrill I feel as we pass by towns which previously were only names.  Now, I need to figure out how to say them!

 

Łańcut – say it like Wine-sut. Really. DSC05507.JPG

As I did last summer, I found myself fascinated by the buildings along the roadside, the stone walls, wells, and travelers’ chapels to say nothing of the colors of the houses and the uniquely shaped churches.

Of course, this spring, the rain didn’t hold off for an entire day. There were bursts of thunder, downpours and then what looked like clearing, but of course was just a momentary distraction.

We headed for the office of civil records in Jawornik Polski (the second name distinguished it from all the other towns named Jawornik) to do some research, and immediately couldn’t find the building with the archives. Thank goodness for helpful people on the street and for Marek’s ability to communicate with them in Polish. Finally, the elusive building was found – we were pretty much right outside of it!

I am so grateful for helpful archivists, people who understand the holes in ourselves when we search for our families, and who are willing to help us not only fill those holes with documents but who lend a hand to give us information that contextualizes those documents and thus, expands our knowledge of ourselves by connecting us to the past.DSC05621.JPG

Speaking of the past. It’s so easy to look at an old building that needs repair and just see its age and how uninhabitable it looks. Here, the buildings are older than most of us can conceive of and no matter what condition they are in, most of the time, there appear to be people taking some care of them, sometimes even inhabiting them.

What would a day of research be without a trip to one or even two cemeteries? In this case, we visited a Greek Catholic cemetery and a Roman Catholic one.  Both seemed to still be in use, and old gravestones appear to be in the process of being replaced.

The storms descended upon us again, and muddy shoes and all we headed back to the car to continue on to Rzeszów for the night.  Our hotel was the Bristol and it’s going to be a great night!  We’ll be back there for another night later this week when we’ll spend some time there doing research, rather than just a night in between Jawornik Polski and Przemyśl .  We just finished dinner and look at the desserts we each absolutely had to have!  BTW, for those of you who drink, if you’re ever there, they make a really mean Cosmo!

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Sunday – last day in Kraków

The morning began with (for me) a very unusual Sunday morning activity.  We went to Mass at the Cathedral.  Of course, I couldn’t follow a thing. We’re in Poland, and the Mass was in Polish. The Cathedral is very ornate and perhaps next week when we return and there is no Mass going on, I’ll stop in and take some picture.  Although others were taking photos during the Mass I didn’t feel comfortable.  The Cathedral was mobbed and this was only one of 7 during the day. Today was first communion, and little girls were all over the streets in their pristine dresses.  For the first time ever, I saw a little boy in white robes – I’d never thought about what the boys would wear that was the equivalent of the girls’ special outfits.

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We also saw a bride and groom outside the Cathedral. DSC05468

We walked around the craft market for a while and then went in search of the perfect pierogi. Marek stopped someone on the street and asked them where the best place was in Kraków and they recommended Gospoda Koko.  Perfect choice – and the restaurant was nice a very quirky. We ate downstairs in what was probably a food storage cellar a long time ago.

While we were inside, it had stormed outside, and the streets were quite wet, the sun wasn’t very strong, and we were chilly. We headed back to the hotel to change our clothes and head off to Kazimierz.  We wandered around, slowly making our way out of Kraków to the old Jewish quarter. I was very excited about the thought of trying this kosher restaurant which I couldn’t find last summer.  We enjoyed a wonderful and relaxing meal during which a thunderstorm happened.  Somehow we missed two storms today!  The food at Zelig’s was really great. I wondered why we hadn’t found it last summer, so I asked how long it had been open – only two months!

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We leave early tomorrow morning for Jawornik Polski and Widaczów (also known as Bidaczów) to do research in civil and church archives.

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Saturday 18 May – Krakow

Today, Saturday, was short and perfect! As planned, Marek and I met up around time to go to the airport to pick up J. As planned, we arrived at the airport early.  OK, so no one gets to an airport as early as we did. What we anticipated taking 45 minutes and getting us there 15-30 minutes earlier than we needed to be, actually took 15 minutes.  Then, because I was making sure that everything was done in a timely manner, I had put her arrival time on my calendar as 30 minutes than it was really supposed to be. Like I said, no one gets to the airport as early as we did intentionally.  Our client’s flight was on time, and the drive back to Krakow was uneventful.  We had checked out her room in advance and turned on the a/c so we knew that everything on that end was ready for her.

We had made reservations for 3 PM at a restaurant across the street from the hotel. The restaurant was completely booked after that time, and we figured (and were right) that a nice, leisurely meal and then off to bed would be perfect for a weary traveler.

As we left the restaurant, we were treated to a cacophony of sounds and we looked out the exit onto a street filled with revelers carrying rainbow umbrellas and flags!  A Pride Parade!  Perfect.  BTW, if you are going to be in Salt Lake City on 2 June 2019, please join me and the Ancestry.com team at the Utah Pride Parade!

I thought I would get to sleep early but the last few days really crept up on me and I went for a long walk (lots of things were open very late) and headed back to the market square and the craft show that will remain in town through next weekend. Tomorrow is going to be a long day.

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Exhaustion – first day in Krakow

There’s nothing like not permitting exhaustion hold you back from exploring. After all, it’s only sleep or the lack of it. However, on Friday, the Krakow archive was only open from 9 AM – 1 PM and we had things to do. So, bright and early we headed out to the archives which turned out to be located very close to our hotel.  Last year, we had about a 15 minute walk from our hotel, this year it was perhaps 5 minutes.

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We arrived just before the reading room doors opened, and were among the first to secure spaces at the tables.  Marek made sure to get our paperwork processed quickly and we strategized, deciding to look at the indexes to the birth, marriages and deaths first, and to tackle to population lists afterwards.  We managed to get through the marriage indexes and to look through the books of marriage records, taking pictures of the pages we needed, and to get thorough the death indexes. We’ll have to get the death books when we return to Krakow at the end of May.  Four hours passed amazingly quickly.

As we headed out of the archives, we were stopped by a man who urgently needed to speak with us.  He must have overheard our conversation in the archives – he was from Rzeszow and is a professor who specialized in the history of the Jews.  I asked him if he was Jewish, and told me that his mother always insisted that he not be.  His mother was Jewish and his father was not.  We talked for quite a while, and then all went to lunch.  He insisted that we eat at a Ukrainian restaurant – Smak Ukrainski. DSC05404.JPG

Lunch was delicious. I had a pancake with potatoes and cabbage – it was more like a knish than a pancake, but it was wonderful. The conversation was great – we had an opportunity to find out lots of details we didn’t already know about some of the very small towns we will be driving through, and we will probably stop (which we hadn’t originally planned to do) to see some of these sights.

Marek and I headed off to Kazimierz to take photos of the buildings in which a client’s ancestral family lived prior to immigration. We had dates from 1910-1944 from population lists and death records. We found 4 of the 6 buildings, the last ones are in Krakow.  We walked over 16,00 steps and decided enough was enough.  Unfortunately, Marek and I love what we do and when we returned to the hotel, we sat down to quickly go over a few small details, and at 10 PM, we realized how late it was and that we were hungry (no dinner). We found a shop that sells pastry and  settled on freshly made waffles and ice cream.  Terrific meal!

I am however, looking forward to eating at a kosher restaurant in Kazimierz on Sunday night.DSC05419.JPG

Last summer, Lina really wanted to go on a carriage ride in Krakow.When I saw a horse and carriage come by, I had to take a photo for her!DSC05432.JPG

Now, catching up on some of the sleep I’ve been missing for the last few days seems to be imperative!

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All’s well…

As the bard said all’s well that ends well.  We boarded the plane in Salt Lake City, after having to do what neither of us anticipated to do at arrival. Checked luggage was fine – mine was way underweight, but my carry-on stuff had to be redistributed because I was told it was too heavy. Marek had to check a bag not just take a carry-one for the same reason. At check-in, the very nice but insistent person told us that the bags would be weighed before boarding the plane. Of course they were not.

We boarded the plane, and just as we expected it to take off, the pilot announced it would be delayed – the amount of fuel they had loaded was about 300 liters (I think he said liters) was too little and the people who do that sort of thing needed to come back and actually put in sufficient fuel for us to arrive at our destination.

We had less than an hour to make a connecting flight in Amsterdam, so this was a little concerning – there would be a rather large airport to rush through and passport control, but of course it was out of our control. So, we sat back to wait, because of course, there was nothing else we could do.

We arrived in Krakow safely after an uneventful flight and found that the flight we were to take had a delayed departure of about 25 minutes, and although there was a long line at passport control with only two windows open, we got to the gate just as boarding had begun.IMG_20190516_182754

Tired and  hungry, we got to Krakow and to our delight, saw sun outside! The weather forecast had prepared us for rain, clouds, thunderstorms and more of the same for the next week.

We arrived at our hotel. We had hoped that this hotel, the Hotel Wawel, situated close to Kazimierz, Krakow’s historic Jewish quarter would prove to be as charming as what we saw online – the hotel we stayed at last year, the Polski, didn’t have openings.  A short drive up a cobblestoned street, and we arrived at our destination.  The staff was wonderful the hotel is charming, and their recommendation for dinner – right on the main street, Miod Malina, was wonderful.  I had halibut over black beans, and kopytka which is a potato dumpling similar to gnocchi; and Marek had potato pancakes with goulash.  Ice cream of course followed when we walked through the streets of Krakow. The pistachio was less than supreme but the chocolate I chose (72%) was wonderful.  Who knew – the chocolate ice cream, like bars of chocolate comes in different percentages.

Tomorrow morning we are off to the archives.

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